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2 Dynamically-Typed Core

2.1 Objects and Inheritance

The basic features of objects in Cecil are illustrated by the following declarations, which define a simple shape hierarchy. Comments in Cecil either begin with "--" and extend to the end of the line or are bracketed between "(--" and "--)" and can be nested.

object shape;
object circle isa shape;
object rectangle isa shape;
object rhombus isa shape;
object square isa rectangle, rhombus;
The syntax of an object declaration, excluding features relating to static type checking and modules, is as follows:[2]

object_decl	::=	"object" name {relation} [field_inits] ";"
relation	::=	"isa" parents
parents	::=	named_object { "," named_object }
named_object	::=	name
(name is the token for regular identifiers beginning with a letter; see appendix A.2 for more details on the lexical rules of Cecil.)

Cecil has a classless (prototype-based) object model: self-sufficient objects implement data abstractions, and objects inherit directly from other objects to share code. Cecil uses a classless model primarily because of its simplicity, but also because this avoids problems relating to first-class classes and metaclasses and because it makes defining unique named objects with specialized behavior easy. Section 2.2 shows how treating "instance" objects and "class" objects uniformly enables CLOS-style eql specializers to be supported with no extra mechanism.

Section 2.3 describes field initializers.

[2] Appendix A gives the complete syntax of the language and explains the notation.
2.1.1 - Inheritance
2.1.2 - Object Instantiation
2.1.3 - Extension Declarations
2.1.4 - Predefined Objects
2.1.5 - Closures
The Cecil Language: Specification and Rationale, Version 2.1 - 25 MARCH 1997
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